Spatial distribution, geochemistry, and storage of mining sediment in channel and floodplain deposits of streams draining the Viburnum Trend Mining District of Southeast Missouri, USA

The purpose of this project is to improve our understanding of the spatial distribution, physical geochemical mobility, and long-term storage of mining-related contaminated sediment and metals in Viburnum Trend (VT) mining district stream sediments and alluvial deposits. Impairment and injury to water and geological resources in streams draining VT mining areas is well documented. However, more information is needed to help environmental managers to effectively plan restoration practices to address sediment contamination problems. First, a systematic evaluation of sediment contamination patterns at the watershed-scale is needed. Sediment sampling and analyses need to be coordinated with similar methods used in all affected watersheds. Conceptual and quantitative models describing the transport pathways and spatial distribution of contaminated sediment need to be developed. Second, contamination assessments need to focus on the role of fine-grained sediment in controlling the level and distribution of contamination in VT streams. Sediment sampling needs to address the variety of alluvial deposits present in affected streams and consider geomorphic and geochemical processes involved in fine-grained sediment transport and deposition, including floodplains. Finally, downstream trends in the mass storage of contaminated sediment and mining-related metals need to be quantified. Understanding the amount of contaminated sediment stored within the river system and available for reworking is critical for understanding the time-scales for geochemical recovery and long-term risk to aquatic life.